Characteristic hazardous wastes are materials that are known or tested to exhibit one or more of the following four hazardous traits:
Listed hazardous wastes are materials specifically listed by regulatory authorities as hazardous wastes which are from non-specific sources, specific sources, or discarded chemical products.Many types of businesses generate hazardous waste. dry cleaners,automobile repair shops, hospitals, exterminators, and photo processing centers may all generate hazardous waste. Some hazardous waste generators are larger companies such as chemical manufacturers, electroplating companies, and oil refineries. These wastes may be found in different physical states such as gaseous, liquids, or solids. A hazardous waste is a special type of waste because it cannot be disposed of by common means like other by-products of our everyday lives. Depending on the physical state of the waste, treatment and solidification processes might be required.
Worldwide, the United Nations Environmental Programme(UNEP) estimated that more than 400 million tons of hazardous wastes are produced universally each year, mostly by industrialized countries (schmit, 1999). About 1 percent of this is shipped across international boundaries, with the majority of the transfers occurring between countries in the Organization for the Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD) (Krueger, 1999). One of the reasons for industrialized countries to ship the hazardous waste to industrializing countries for disposal is the rising cost of disposing hazardous waste in the home country.
Type of Solid Waste
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| (http://zerowaste.uoregon.edu/Factoids.htm) |
Type of Hazardous Waste
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| (http://rapidwasteenviro.com/?page_id=35) |
What is technology and system that Malaysia used for solid waste management?
In Malaysia the system that used to dispose solid waste management are "incinerator" like that used in Langkawi. Incinerator is the process of burning solid waste under controlled conditions to reduce its weight and volume, and often to produce energy. An "incinerators" can dispose up to 1,200 tons of garbage daily.
Another method is "sanitary garbage disposal" which is disposing of solid waste on land, in a manner that meets most of the standard specifications, including sound silting, extensive site preparation, proper leachate and gas management and monitoring, compaction, daily and final cover, complete access control, and record-keeping.
Is the law and policy in Malaysia effective in controlling waste from residential and industrial area?
Malaysia possesses strict environmental rules and regulations. Currently it has more than 43 environment-related legislations. The core environmental legislation is the Environmental Quality Act of 1974 that provides the legal framework for laws to regulate the activities deemed to affect the environment. Rules and regulations that have been passed under the powers of this act include the Environmental Quality (Clean Air)Regulations of 1978, the Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities/Environmental Impact Assessment)Order of 1987, and the First Schedule of the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Waste) Regulations of 1989.The Ministry of Science, Technology, and Environment is responsible for the environment in the country; the Department of Environment works under the Ministry. In addition, every state has its separate Department of Environment. The Environmental Quality Council assists the ministers about environmental policies and in the decision-making process. Malaysia has signed and ratified all the international protocols related to the protection of the environment. For example, it is a signatory for the implementation of Agenda 21 (Declarations of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, 1992).
Using the provisions of the government act, all local authorities have passed sanitation related by-laws that provide them with the power to regulate solid-waste disposal in their jurisdictions. In addition to general sanitation by-laws, there are other by- laws with waste disposal regulations. For example in the hawkers’ by -laws, there are provisions on how waste generated through their business is to be stored and disposed of. It is important to note that although there is some similarity in the sanitation by-laws among the local authorities in Malaysia, there are also differences.
Even though there is law and policy that have been implement but it is not effective as Malaysia generates more solid waste than the amount that can be collected. Which resulted, some of the waste is not collected or legally dispose. Therefore, the law that been applied is not effective to curb the problem of solid waste materials.
Impacts of Solid Waste
THERE ARE 2 MAIN IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE:
Health Hazard especially to:
(a) pre-school children
(b) waste workers
(c) workers in facilities producing toxic
Environmental Impact to:
(a) Animals
(b) Aquatic life
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| (http://www.iswa.org/media/publications/iswa-newsletters/iswa-global-news-issue-26-december-2013/)
Solid Waste Issues
Modernization - a progressive transition from a 'traditional'
to a 'modern' society.
Increase in global population and rising demand for food
and other essentials, there has been a rise in the amount of waste being generated.
Type of waste generated also changed along with the
development of modernity.
Reference :
* http://www.academia.edu/4533397/SOLID_WASTE_MANAGEMENT_IN_MALAYSIA
*http://rapidwasteenviro.com/?page_id=35
*http://zerowaste.uoregon.edu/Factoids.htm
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazardous_waste
*http://www.iswa.org/media/publications/iswa-newsletters/iswa-global-news-issue-26-december-2013/
*notes that been given by Encik Mohd Jamalil Azam
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